详解 5 种 Python 线程锁（二）

　　3、Condition() 条件锁

　　基本介绍

　　条件锁是在递归锁的基础上增加了能够暂停线程运行的功能。并且我们可以使用wait()与notify()来控制线程执行的个数。

　　注意：条件锁可以自由设定一次放行几个线程。

　　使用方式

　　下面这个案例会启动10个子线程，并且会立即将10个子线程设置为等待状态。

　　然后我们可以发送一个或者多个通知，来恢复被等待的子线程继续运行：

[Python] 纯文本查看 复制代码

import threading

currentRunThreadNumber = 0
maxSubThreadNumber = 10


def task():
    global currentRunThreadNumber
    thName = threading.currentThread().name

    condLock.acquire()  # 上锁
    print("start and wait run thread : %s" % thName)

    condLock.wait()  # 暂停线程运行、等待唤醒
    currentRunThreadNumber += 1
    print("carry on run thread : %s" % thName)

    condLock.release()  # 解锁


if __name__ == "__main__":
    condLock = threading.Condition()

    for i in range(maxSubThreadNumber):
        subThreadIns = threading.Thread(target=task)
        subThreadIns.start()

    while currentRunThreadNumber < maxSubThreadNumber:
        notifyNumber = int(
            input("Please enter the number of threads that need to be notified to run："))

        condLock.acquire()
        condLock.notify(notifyNumber)  # 放行
        condLock.release()

    print("main thread run end")
    
# 先启动10个子线程，然后这些子线程会全部变为等待状态
# start and wait run thread : Thread-1
# start and wait run thread : Thread-2
# start and wait run thread : Thread-3
# start and wait run thread : Thread-4
# start and wait run thread : Thread-5
# start and wait run thread : Thread-6
# start and wait run thread : Thread-7
# start and wait run thread : Thread-8
# start and wait run thread : Thread-9
# start and wait run thread : Thread-10

# 批量发送通知，放行特定数量的子线程继续运行
# Please enter the number of threads that need to be notified to run：5  # 放行5个
# carry on run thread : Thread-4
# carry on run thread : Thread-3
# carry on run thread : Thread-1
# carry on run thread : Thread-2
# carry on run thread : Thread-5

# Please enter the number of threads that need to be notified to run：5  # 放行5个
# carry on run thread : Thread-8
# carry on run thread : Thread-10
# carry on run thread : Thread-6
# carry on run thread : Thread-9
# carry on run thread : Thread-7

# Please enter the number of threads that need to be notified to run：1
# main thread run end

　　with语句

　　由于threading.Condition()对象中实现了__enter__()与__exit__()方法，故我们可以使用with语句进行上下文管理形式的加锁解锁操作：

[Python] 纯文本查看 复制代码

import threading

currentRunThreadNumber = 0
maxSubThreadNumber = 10


def task():
    global currentRunThreadNumber
    thName = threading.currentThread().name

    with condLock:
        print("start and wait run thread : %s" % thName)
        condLock.wait()  # 暂停线程运行、等待唤醒
        currentRunThreadNumber += 1
        print("carry on run thread : %s" % thName)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    condLock = threading.Condition()

    for i in range(maxSubThreadNumber):
        subThreadIns = threading.Thread(target=task)
        subThreadIns.start()

    while currentRunThreadNumber < maxSubThreadNumber:
        notifyNumber = int(
            input("Please enter the number of threads that need to be notified to run："))

        with condLock:
            condLock.notify(notifyNumber)  # 放行

    print("main thread run end")

　　4、Event() 事件锁

　　基本介绍

　　事件锁是基于条件锁来做的，它与条件锁的区别在于一次只能放行全部，不能放行任意个数量的子线程继续运行。

　　我们可以将事件锁看为红绿灯，当红灯时所有子线程都暂停运行，并进入“等待”状态，当绿灯时所有子线程都恢复“运行”。

　　使用方式

　　事件锁不能利用with语句来进行使用，只能按照常规方式。

　　如下所示，我们来模拟线程和红绿灯的操作，红灯停，绿灯行：

[Python] 纯文本查看 复制代码

import threading

maxSubThreadNumber = 3


def task():
    thName = threading.currentThread().name
    print("start and wait run thread : %s" % thName)
    eventLock.wait()  # 暂停运行，等待绿灯
    print("green light, %s carry on run" % thName)
    print("red light, %s stop run" % thName)
    eventLock.wait()  # 暂停运行，等待绿灯
    print("green light, %s carry on run" % thName)
    print("sub thread %s run end" % thName)


if __name__ == "__main__":

    eventLock = threading.Event()

    for i in range(maxSubThreadNumber):
        subThreadIns = threading.Thread(target=task)
        subThreadIns.start()

    eventLock.set()  # 设置为绿灯
    eventLock.clear()  # 设置为红灯
    eventLock.set()  # 设置为绿灯

# start and wait run thread : Thread-1
# start and wait run thread : Thread-2
# start and wait run thread : Thread-3

# green light, Thread-1 carry on run
# red light, Thread-1 stop run
# green light, Thread-1 carry on run
# sub thread Thread-1 run end

# green light, Thread-3 carry on run
# red light, Thread-3 stop run
# green light, Thread-3 carry on run
# sub thread Thread-3 run end

# green light, Thread-2 carry on run
# red light, Thread-2 stop run
# green light, Thread-2 carry on run
# sub thread Thread-2 run end

　　5、Semaphore() 信号量锁

　　基本介绍

　　信号量锁也是根据条件锁来做的，它与条件锁和事件锁的区别如下：

　　条件锁：一次可以放行任意个处于“等待”状态的线程

　　事件锁：一次可以放行全部的处于“等待”状态的线程

　　信号量锁：通过规定，成批的放行特定个处于“上锁”状态的线程

　　使用方式

　　以下是使用示例，你可以将它当做一段限宽的路段，每次只能放行相同数量的线程：

[Python] 纯文本查看 复制代码

import threading
import time

maxSubThreadNumber = 6


def task():
    thName = threading.currentThread().name
    semaLock.acquire()
    print("run sub thread %s" % thName)
    time.sleep(3)
    semaLock.release()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    # 每次只能放行2个
    semaLock = threading.Semaphore(2)

    for i in range(maxSubThreadNumber):
        subThreadIns = threading.Thread(target=task)
        subThreadIns.start()


# run sub thread Thread-1
# run sub thread Thread-2

# run sub thread Thread-3
# run sub thread Thread-4

# run sub thread Thread-6
# run sub thread Thread-5

　　with语句

　　由于threading.Semaphore()对象中实现了__enter__()与__exit__()方法，故我们可以使用with语句进行上下文管理形式的加锁解锁操作：

[Python] 纯文本查看 复制代码

import threading
import time

maxSubThreadNumber = 6


def task():
    thName = threading.currentThread().name
    with semaLock:
        print("run sub thread %s" % thName)
        time.sleep(3)


if __name__ == "__main__":

    semaLock = threading.Semaphore(2)

    for i in range(maxSubThreadNumber):
        subThreadIns = threading.Thread(target=task)
        subThreadIns.start()

　　

【免责声明】本文系转载，原文为公众号Python开发者「云崖君」文章，转载目的在于传递更多信息，并不代表本网赞同其观点和对其真实性负责。如涉及作品内容、版权和其它问题，请在30日内与联系我们，我们会予以更改或删除相关文章，以保证您的权益!